[데이터 선택 - 날자 기간 차이] 근속 기간 계산 후 데이터 필터

포스팅 목차

12. Display the names of employees who are working in the company for the past 5 years.

* 최근 5년 이상 근무한 직원의 이름을 표시하시오

파이썬 & R 패키지 호출 및 예제 데이터 생성 링크
[날짜 데이터] 근속 기간 계산 후 데이터 필터 - 현재 날짜, 날짜 기간 차이 계산
조회를 위하여 2020년 현재 39년으로 예제 변경
날짜처리 예제 :12 / 13 / 123번

Oracle : sysdate
파이썬 Pandas : 날짜 형변환, pd.to_datetime(), datetime.strptime, relativedelta.relativedelta, now.date(), datetime.datetime.utcnow(), pd.Timestamp.now(), .query 구문
R 프로그래밍 : Sys.Date(), difftime 함수, as.numeric
R Dplyr Package : filter 구문, Sys.Date()
R sqldf Package : 날짜 인수, sprintf, Sys.Date(), strftime 함수, 파라미터 처리, gsubfn 패키지(gsubfn::fn$sqldf) 외부 변수 참조
Python pandasql Package : format 구문, 반복구문 처리, 형변환(cast 함수), 날짜 형변환
R data.table Package : Sys.Date()
SAS Proc SQL : TODAY() 함수, datdif 함수
SAS Data Step : TODAY() 함수, datdif 함수
Python Dfply Package : filter_by, 사용자함수 정의, pd.Timestamp.now(), to_datetime 함수, make_symbolic 함수
파이썬 Base 프로그래밍 :

1. 오라클(Oracle)

Oracle Programming

select ename from emp 
where  sysdate-hiredate > 39*365;

2. 파이썬(Pandas)

dateutil 패키지를 사용하여 처리

Python Programming

from datetime import datetime   # 날짜모듈 

# 날짜 처리 예시
date1 = datetime.strptime(str('2013-08-15 12:00:00'), '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

date2 = datetime.strptime(str('2012-02-15'), '%Y-%m-%d')

from dateutil import relativedelta

# date1과 date2 날짜 사이의 기간을 계산한다.
r = relativedelta.relativedelta(date1, date2)
print(r)
print(r.days)

Results

relativedelta(years=+1, months=+6, hours=+12)
0

to_datetime 함수를 사용하여서 날짜형 데이터로 변수 형변환

Python Programming

pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'], format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', errors='raise')

Results

0    1980-12-17
1    1981-02-20
2    1981-02-22
3    1981-04-02
4    1981-09-28
5    1981-03-01
6    1981-01-09
7    1982-12-09
8    1981-11-17
9    1981-09-08
10   1983-01-12
11   1981-12-03
12   1981-12-03
13   1982-01-23
Name: hiredate, dtype: datetime64[ns]

Python Programming

import datetime
import dateutil

# Get the current date
now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
now = now.date()

# Get the difference between the current date and the birthday
age = dateutil.relativedelta.relativedelta(now, pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'][0], format='%Y %m %d'))
age = age.years
age

Results

dateutil의 relativedelta : 현재 날짜와 입사일(hiredate) 사이의 GAP을 계산하여서 39년 이상인 데이터 추출

Python Programming

from dateutil import relativedelta

emp[emp.apply(lambda row: relativedelta.relativedelta(pd.Timestamp.now(), 
                                                       pd.to_datetime(row['hiredate'], format='%Y %m %d')).years, axis=1) >= 39][["ename"]]

Results

	ename
0	SMITH
1	ALLEN
2	WARD
3	JONES
5	BLAKE
6	CLARK
9	TURNER

두 날짜 사이의 GAP을 계산 후 39년 이상 근무한 직원을 선택한다.

Python Programming

emp[ (pd.Timestamp.now() - pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'])).dt.days > 39*365 ][["ename"]]

Results

	ename
0	SMITH
1	ALLEN
2	WARD
3	JONES
5	BLAKE
6	CLARK
9	TURNER

Python Programming

emp.loc[((pd.Timestamp.now() - pd.to_datetime(emp.hiredate)).dt.days > 39 *365 ) , ["ename"]]

Results

	ename
0	SMITH
1	ALLEN
2	WARD
3	JONES
5	BLAKE
6	CLARK
9	TURNER

[참고] Pandas의 query 구문 사용 예제

Python Programming

start_date, end_date = '1980/01/02', '1981/06/04'

emp.query('hiredate >= @start_date and hiredate <= @end_date')

Results

	empno	ename	job	mgr	hiredate	sal	comm	deptno	hiredate_D
0	7369	SMITH	CLERK	7902.0	1980/12/17	800	NaN	20	1980-12-17
1	7499	ALLEN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/20	1600	300.0	30	1981-02-20
2	7521	WARD	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/22	1250	500.0	30	1981-02-22
3	7566	JONES	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/04/02	2975	NaN	20	1981-04-02
5	7698	BLAKE	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/03/01	2850	NaN	30	1981-03-01
6	7782	CLARK	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/01/09	2450	NaN	10	1981-01-09

pd.Timestamp를 사용하여서 문자 데이터를 날짜로 변경

Python Programming

ts = pd.Timestamp

emp['hiredate_D'] = pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'])

emp.query('hiredate_D >= @ts("19820201T071320")')

Results

	empno	ename	job	mgr	hiredate	sal	comm	deptno	hiredate_D
7	7788	SCOTT	ANALYST	7566.0	1982/12/09	3000	NaN	20	1982-12-09
10	7876	ADAMS	CLERK	7788.0	1983/01/12	1100	NaN	20	1983-01-12

hiredate 변수를 날짜형으로 변경하여서 신규 변수 생성. 생성된 변수와 현재 날짜 비교
query 상에서 현재 날짜와 hiredate 사이의 비교(-) 처리를 못하여서 현재 날짜를 기준으로 - 39년 날짜 계산 후 처리

Python Programming

from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

emp['hiredate_D'] = pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'])

now = datetime.datetime.now() - relativedelta(years=39)

emp.query("@now > hiredate_D", engine='python')[["ename"]]

Results

	ename
0	SMITH
1	ALLEN
2	WARD
3	JONES
5	BLAKE
6	CLARK
9	TURNER

pd.to_datetime를 적용하여서 hiredate를 날짜형으로 변경 후 현재 날짜를 기준으로 -39년 날짜와 비교

Python Programming

from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

ts_chg = pd.to_datetime

base_dt = datetime.datetime.now() - relativedelta(years=39)

emp.query('@base_dt > @ts_chg(hiredate)')[["ename"]]

Results

	ename
0	SMITH
1	ALLEN
2	WARD
3	JONES
5	BLAKE
6	CLARK
9	TURNER

3. R Programming (R Package)

difftime 함수를 사용하여서 현재 날짜와 입사일 사이의 기간을 계산

R Programming

%%R

difftime(Sys.Date(), emp$hiredate) / 365

Results

Time differences in days
 [1] 39.75342 39.57534 39.56986 39.46301 38.97260 39.55068 39.69041 37.77534
 [9] 38.83562 39.02740 37.68219 38.79178 38.79178 38.65205

R Programming

%%R

as.numeric(Sys.Date() - as.Date(emp$hiredate)) / 365

Results

 [1] 39.75342 39.57534 39.56986 39.46301 38.97260 39.55068 39.69041 37.77534
 [9] 38.83562 39.02740 37.68219 38.79178 38.79178 38.65205

R Programming

%%R
emp[Sys.Date() - emp$hiredate > 39*365 , c("empno","ename") ]

Results

# A tibble: 7 x 2
  empno ename 
  <dbl> <chr> 
1  7369 SMITH 
2  7499 ALLEN 
3  7521 WARD  
4  7566 JONES 
5  7698 BLAKE 
6  7782 CLARK 
7  7844 TURNER

4. R Dplyr Package

*현재 날짜와 입사일 사이의 기간을 계산 후 filter 구문을 사용하여서 39년 이상 근무한 직원을 선택한다.

R Programming

%%R
emp %>% filter( (Sys.Date() - hiredate) > 39*365 ) %>% dplyr::select(ename)

Results

# A tibble: 7 x 1
  ename 
  <chr> 
1 SMITH 
2 ALLEN 
3 WARD  
4 JONES 
5 BLAKE 
6 CLARK 
7 TURNER

5. R sqldf Package

현재날짜를 인수로 지정하여서 출력

R Programming

%%R

sprintf("select * from DF where a >= %d", Sys.Date())

Results

[1] "select * from DF where a >= 18580"

위에서 산출된 현재 날짜를 sqldf 쿼리에 직접 입력하여 처리(수작업)

R Programming

%%R
require(sqldf)
sqldf("select ename,
              strftime('%Y-%m-%d', 'now') now_day,
              hiredate, 
              (strftime('%d-%m-%Y', 'now') - hiredate) Gap,
              (hiredate - strftime('%d-%m-%Y', 'now')) Gap_1
       from emp
       where (18580 - hiredate) > 39*365")

Results

   ename    now_day   hiredate   Gap Gap_1
1  SMITH 2020-11-13 1980-12-17 -3990  3990
2  ALLEN 2020-11-13 1981-02-20 -4055  4055
3   WARD 2020-11-13 1981-02-22 -4057  4057
4  JONES 2020-11-13 1981-04-02 -4096  4096
5  BLAKE 2020-11-13 1981-03-01 -4064  4064
6  CLARK 2020-11-13 1981-01-09 -4013  4013
7 TURNER 2020-11-13 1981-09-08 -4255  4255

[참고] gsubfn 패키지 fn$ 을 사용하여서 sqldf에 파이썬의 함수와 파라미터의 값을 전달 방식
- Note that we must use the fn$ prefix to invoke the interpolation functionality
- gsubfn 패키지 fn$ 참고(Insert Variables) : https://github.com/ggrothendieck/sqldf

R Programming

# %%R
# 파라미터 처리
# p1 <- 7
# fn$sqldf("select * from iris where Sepal_Length > $p1")

R Programming

emp

Results

	empno	ename	job	mgr	hiredate	sal	comm	deptno
0	7369	SMITH	CLERK	7902.0	1980/12/17	800	NaN	20
1	7499	ALLEN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/20	1600	300.0	30
2	7521	WARD	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/22	1250	500.0	30
3	7566	JONES	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/04/02	2975	NaN	20
4	7654	MARTIN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/09/28	1250	1400.0	30
5	7698	BLAKE	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/03/01	2850	NaN	30
6	7782	CLARK	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/01/09	2450	NaN	10
7	7788	SCOTT	ANALYST	7566.0	1982/12/09	3000	NaN	20
8	7839	KING	PRESIDENT	NaN	1981/11/17	5000	NaN	10
9	7844	TURNER	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/09/08	1500	0.0	30
10	7876	ADAMS	CLERK	7788.0	1983/01/12	1100	NaN	20
11	7900	JAMES	CLERK	7698.0	1981/12/03	950	NaN	30
12	7902	FORD	ANALYST	7566.0	1981/12/03	3000	NaN	20
13	7934	MILLER	CLERK	7782.0	1982/01/23	1300	NaN	10

Sys.Date() 를 fn$sqldf 기능과 함께 사용
[참고] strftime('%d-%m-%Y', 'now') : 현재 날짜를 문자로 반환

R Programming

%%R

gsubfn::fn$sqldf("select *, strftime('%d-%m-%Y', 'now') now_char from emp where (`Sys.Date()` - hiredate) > 39 * 365  ")

Results

  empno  ename      job  mgr   hiredate  sal comm deptno   now_char
1  7369  SMITH    CLERK 7902 1980-12-17  800   NA     20 09-09-2020
2  7499  ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 1600  300     30 09-09-2020
3  7521   WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 1250  500     30 09-09-2020
4  7566  JONES  MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 2975   NA     20 09-09-2020
5  7698  BLAKE  MANAGER 7839 1981-03-01 2850   NA     30 09-09-2020
6  7782  CLARK  MANAGER 7839 1981-01-09 2450   NA     10 09-09-2020
7  7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 1500    0     30 09-09-2020

6. Python pandasql Package

[참고] format 구문

Python Programming

import pandasql as ps
a = 'v2'
b = 'v10'

q = "SELECT {} FROM df1 ".format(a+','+b)
q

Results

'SELECT v2,v10 FROM df1 '

[참고] format 구문

Python Programming

import pandasql as ps
var = 'hiredate'

query = "SELECT {} FROM emp ".format(var)
ps.sqldf(query, globals())

Results

	hiredate
0	1980/12/17
1	1981/02/20
2	1981/02/22
3	1981/04/02
4	1981/09/28
5	1981/03/01
6	1981/01/09
7	1982/12/09
8	1981/11/17
9	1981/09/08
10	1983/01/12
11	1981/12/03
12	1981/12/03
13	1982/01/23

반복구문 처리

Python Programming

import pandasql as ps

test = ['''CLERK''',"""SALESMAN"""]
for i in test:
    query = """SELECT sal FROM emp where job = '""" + i + """'"""
    print(ps.sqldf(query, globals()))
    print()

Results

[참고] cast 함수 : 형변환 함수

Python Programming

# emp.dtypes

Python Programming

import pandasql as ps

query = """SELECT cast(hiredate as integer) FROM emp """

ps.sqldf(query, globals()).head()

Results

	cast(hiredate as integer)
0	1980
1	1981
2	1981
3	1981
4	1981

pandasql 연습

Python Programming

import datetime

nowdate= datetime.datetime.now()
format= "%Y-%m-%d" 

import time

emp['hiredate_D'] = pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'])
emp['to_date']    = pd.Timestamp.now()
emp['day_gap']    = (pd.Timestamp.now() - pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'])).dt.days

query = """SELECT to_date          현재날짜1,
                  date('now')      현재날짜2,
                  datetime('now')  현재날짜3,
                  typeof(hiredate) 변수Type확인,
                  sqlite_version() sqlite버젼확인,                  
                  date('2020-09-10', 'start of month') 초일자,

                  CAST(STRFTIME('%Y %m %d', hiredate_D) AS date) cast함수, 
                  STRFTIME('%Y %m %d', hiredate_D) 문자반환,
                  CAST(hiredate AS date) x2,
                  (cast(strftime('%s',hiredate_D) as interger))/(24*60*60) x3
           FROM emp
           WHERE day_gap > 39*365"""
# print(query)
query = ps.sqldf(query, globals())

query.head()

Results

	현재날짜	현재날짜2	현재날짜3	변수Type확인	sqlite버젼확인	초일자	cast함수	문자반환	x2	x3
0	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	2020-09-10 00:45:49	text	3.32.3	2020-09-01	1980	1980 12 17	1980	4003
1	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	2020-09-10 00:45:49	text	3.32.3	2020-09-01	1981	1981 02 20	1981	4068
2	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	2020-09-10 00:45:49	text	3.32.3	2020-09-01	1981	1981 02 22	1981	4070
3	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	2020-09-10 00:45:49	text	3.32.3	2020-09-01	1981	1981 04 02	1981	4109
4	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	2020-09-10 00:45:49	text	3.32.3	2020-09-01	1981	1981 03 01	1981	4077

데이터에 날짜형 변수를 직접 생성 후 처리

Python Programming

import datetime

nowdate= datetime.datetime.now()
format= "%Y-%m-%d" 

import time

emp['hiredate_D'] = pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'])
emp['to_date']    = pd.Timestamp.now()
emp['day_gap']    = (pd.Timestamp.now() - pd.to_datetime(emp['hiredate'])).dt.days

query = """SELECT to_date,
                  hiredate_D,
                  day_gap,
                  ename
           FROM emp
           WHERE  day_gap > 39*365"""
ps.sqldf(query, globals())

Results

	to_date	hiredate_D	day_gap	ename
0	2020-09-10 09:39:10.707798	1980-12-17 00:00:00.000000	14512	SMITH
1	2020-09-10 09:39:10.707798	1981-02-20 00:00:00.000000	14447	ALLEN
2	2020-09-10 09:39:10.707798	1981-02-22 00:00:00.000000	14445	WARD
3	2020-09-10 09:39:10.707798	1981-04-02 00:00:00.000000	14406	JONES
4	2020-09-10 09:39:10.707798	1981-03-01 00:00:00.000000	14438	BLAKE
5	2020-09-10 09:39:10.707798	1981-01-09 00:00:00.000000	14489	CLARK
6	2020-09-10 09:39:10.707798	1981-09-08 00:00:00.000000	14247	TURNER

문자형 날짜 데이터를 날짜로 변경하여 처리

Python Programming

import datetime

nowdate= datetime.datetime.now()
format= "%Y-%m-%d" 

import time

query = """SELECT to_date,
                  date('now'),                  
                  ename,

                  (strftime('%s','now') -

                  strftime('%s',(substr(hiredate,1,4)||'-'||substr(hiredate,6,2)||'-'||substr(hiredate,9,2))))/60/60/24 second_gap
           FROM emp
           WHERE (strftime('%s','now') -                  
                  strftime('%s',(substr(hiredate,1,4)||'-'||substr(hiredate,6,2)||'-'||substr(hiredate,9,2))))/60/60/24 > 39*365"""
# print(query)
ps.sqldf(query, globals())

Results

	to_date	date('now')	ename	second_gap
0	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	SMITH	14512
1	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	ALLEN	14447
2	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	WARD	14445
3	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	JONES	14406
4	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	BLAKE	14438
5	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	CLARK	14489
6	2020-09-10 09:45:49.454895	2020-09-10	TURNER	14247

7. R data.table Package

%%R

DT          <- data.table(emp)
dept_DT     <- data.table(dept)

DT[(Sys.Date() - hiredate) > 39 * 365, .(ename)]

Results

    ename
1:  SMITH
2:  ALLEN
3:   WARD
4:  JONES
5: MARTIN
6:  BLAKE
7:  CLARK
8: TURNER

8. SAS Proc SQL

%%SAS sas

PROC SQL;
  CREATE TABLE STATSAS_1 AS
    SELECT ENAME,
           TODAY() - hiredate as day_gap,
           datdif(hiredate, TODAY(), 'act/act') as day_gap_1
    FROM   EMP
    WHERE  TODAY() - hiredate > 40*365;
QUIT;
PROC PRINT;RUN;

Results

OBS	ename	day_gap	day_gap_1
1	SMITH	14727	14727
2	ALLEN	14662	14662
3	WARD	14660	14660
4	JONES	14621	14621
5	BLAKE	14653	14653
6	CLARK	14704	14704

9. SAS Data Step

%%SAS sas

DATA STATSAS_2;
 SET EMP;
     To_day    = TODAY();
     Day_Gap   = TODAY() - hiredate;
     Day_gap_1 = datdif(hiredate, TODAY(), 'act/act');
     KEEP ENAME To_day Day_Gap Day_gap_1 HIREDATE;
     WHERE datdif(hiredate, TODAY(), 'act/act') > 40*365;
RUN;

PROC PRINT;RUN;

Results

OBS	ename	hiredate	To_day	Day_Gap	Day_gap_1
1	SMITH	1980-12-17	22383	14727	14727
2	ALLEN	1981-02-20	22383	14662	14662
3	WARD	1981-02-22	22383	14660	14660
4	JONES	1981-04-02	22383	14621	14621
5	BLAKE	1981-03-01	22383	14653	14653
6	CLARK	1981-01-09	22383	14704	14704

10. Python Dfply Package

별도 함수 정의(make_symbolic)

Python Programming

@make_symbolic
def to_datetime(series, infer_datetime_format=True):
    return pd.to_datetime(series, infer_datetime_format=infer_datetime_format)

emp >> filter_by( (pd.Timestamp.now() - to_datetime(X.hiredate)).dt.days > 39*365 ) >> head()

Results

	empno	ename	job	mgr	hiredate	sal	comm	deptno
0	7369	SMITH	CLERK	7902.0	1980/12/17	800	NaN	20
1	7499	ALLEN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/20	1600	300.0	30
2	7521	WARD	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/22	1250	500.0	30
3	7566	JONES	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/04/02	2975	NaN	20
4	7654	MARTIN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/09/28	1250	1400.0	30

Python Programming

emp >> \
  filter_by( (pd.Timestamp.now() - make_symbolic(to_datetime)(X.hiredate)).dt.days > 39*365 ) >> \
  head()

Results

	empno	ename	job	mgr	hiredate	sal	comm	deptno
0	7369	SMITH	CLERK	7902.0	1980/12/17	800	NaN	20
1	7499	ALLEN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/20	1600	300.0	30
2	7521	WARD	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/22	1250	500.0	30
3	7566	JONES	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/04/02	2975	NaN	20
4	7654	MARTIN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/09/28	1250	1400.0	30

Python Programming

@make_symbolic
def to_datetime(series, infer_datetime_format=True):
    return pd.to_datetime(series, infer_datetime_format=infer_datetime_format)

emp >> mutate(pd_date=to_datetime(X.hiredate)) >> head()

Results

	empno	ename	job	mgr	hiredate	sal	comm	deptno	pd_date
0	7369	SMITH	CLERK	7902.0	1980/12/17	800	NaN	20	1980-12-17
1	7499	ALLEN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/20	1600	300.0	30	1981-02-20
2	7521	WARD	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/02/22	1250	500.0	30	1981-02-22
3	7566	JONES	MANAGER	7839.0	1981/04/02	2975	NaN	20	1981-04-02
4	7654	MARTIN	SALESMAN	7698.0	1981/09/28	1250	1400.0	30	1981-09-28

[SQL, Pandas, R Prog, Dplyr, SQLDF, PANDASQL, DATA.TABLE] SQL EMP 예제로 만나는 테이블 데이터 처리 방법 리스트

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'통계프로그램 비교 시리즈 > 프로그래밍비교(Oracle,Python,R,SAS)' 카테고리의 다른 글

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12. Display the names of employees who are working in the company for the past 5 years.

1. 오라클(Oracle)

2. 파이썬(Pandas)

3. R Programming (R Package)

4. R Dplyr Package

5. R sqldf Package

6. Python pandasql Package

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'통계프로그램 비교 시리즈 > 프로그래밍비교(Oracle,Python,R,SAS)' 카테고리의 다른 글

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[데이터 선택 - 날자 기간 차이] 근속 기간 계산 후 데이터 필터 - 12 (오라클 SQL, R, Python, SAS)

12. Display the names of employees who are working in the company for the past 5 years.

1. 오라클(Oracle)

2. 파이썬(Pandas)

3. R Programming (R Package)

4. R Dplyr Package

5. R sqldf Package

6. Python pandasql Package

[참고] format 구문

7. R data.table Package

8. SAS Proc SQL

9. SAS Data Step

10. Python Dfply Package

'통계프로그램 비교 시리즈 > 프로그래밍비교(Oracle,Python,R,SAS)' 카테고리의 다른 글

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